In Acts chapter 10 we see the record of the first Gentile converts to Christianity – a centurion by the name of Cornelius and his household. This is a wonderful passage for all of us who weren’t born Jews as we see God accepting us into His church. This is also a passage that has created much discussion and controversy. While many of my brethren have written excellent articles on this subject, I wanted to tackle it myself, and to try and bring some things to the table that aren’t always discussed. I hope this study will be beneficial to you.

Let us begin in Acts 2, on the day of Pentecost, when the church of Christ came into existence. On this day Peter and the apostles use the keys of the kingdom given to them by Jesus to “open the doors” of the church as Jesus said they should – in Jerusalem, to the Jews first. The Holy Spirit falls upon them giving them the ability to speak in languages (tongues) that they have never studied that they might proclaim the gospel to all in attendance. In verses 17 through 21 Peter quotes from the prophet Joel to explain how they are doing this miraculous thing. In verse 17, Peter quotes that God will “pour out His Spirit on all flesh”. This is very important. What does “all flesh” mean? As I see it, there can only be two options:

  • Every single person
  • All “types” of flesh

If it were to mean every single person then the Spirit would be poured out onto believers and unbelievers alike, regardless of whether or not they ever come to belief in Him. I don’t know of any religious group that believes that. The second option is the only one that makes sense. In view of the scriptures there can only be two “types”, or kinds, of flesh – Jewish and Gentile. This means that the apostles baptism in the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost partially fulfilled Joel’s prophecy. At this point the Holy Spirit had only been poured out onto one type of flesh – Jewish.

Now we turn to Acts 10, where most of the details of Cornelius’ conversion are recorded. Cornelius was a very good man (verse 2), but he was not saved. He needed to know about Jesus and His life, teachings, death, burial and resurrection. He was told in a vision to send for Peter that he might hear what he needed to know (verses 3 – 6).

Let me pause here for just a moment. Much is made about the fact that Cornelius received the Holy Spirit before water baptism. Since the Holy Spirit is promised only to Christians, many conclude that Cornelius was saved prior to baptism. What about the fact that Cornelius was given a vision from God? Does that make him saved because the Lord spoke to him in a vision? Obviously some special and scripturally unique things are at work in the case of Cornelius. Please keep that in mind.

Peter receives his own vision (verses 10 – 15), although he doesn’t understand exactly what it means at the time. When Cornelius’ men come for Peter, the Spirit informs him that they have come by His command, so Peter willingly goes to Cornelius’ home. To get a picture of how much Cornelius understood at this time we can look at verse 25. Cornelius falls down and worships at Peter’s feet. That Peter had to reprimand him for such shows that this good man still needed teaching.

It is when Peter begins to preach to them that the miraculous happens – the Holy Spirit falls upon Cornelius and his household and they begin to speak in tongues just like the Apostles on the day of Pentecost (verses 44-46). The reason for this miraculous, and unique, occurrence is two-fold:

· To completely fulfill Joel’s prophecy

· To show the Jews that the Gentiles were to be accepted into the kingdom

Once the Holy Spirit fell upon Cornelius and his household the Spirit had been poured out onto “all flesh”. There is no other instance of Holy Spirit baptism outside of the apostles and Cornelius’ household.

One of the great struggles for the first Jewish Christians was to accept the Gentiles as brethren. Centuries of viewing the Gentiles as lesser races were very hard to overcome. Look at our own country and how many still view those of African descent. There are countless passages I could point to that address just how hard it was for those coming out of Judaism. Romans 2 -3, and Galatians 2 are just a few chapters that deal with this subject. Due to the difficulties that would have to be overcome it makes sense that God would use something amazing to show that the Gentiles were to be accepted.

Peter recounts the conversion of Cornelius to his Jewish brethren in Acts 11, where we’re told something very important:

15And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them just as He did upon us at the beginning.

The message that we see preached in Acts 10 was only about to begin when the Holy Spirit fell on Cornelius. They didn’t hear about Jesus until after the Holy Spirit fell upon them. Is this how we’re saved today? Before hearing, believing, repenting, confessing or being baptized in water? Even though I completely reject the false doctrine of “faith-only” salvation, you can’t even claim that they were saved by their faith alone in Christ as they hadn’t heard about Him before the Spirit fell on them! Did the Holy Spirit fall upon you and give you the ability to speak in a language you’ve never studied before you even heard the gospel of Christ proclaimed? Friends, if this did not happen to you (and I know it didn’t), then that means this was a unique situation that doesn’t apply to you today.

Let me slightly shift gears at this point and ask you a question that I think is important – when were the apostles of Jesus saved? Certainly you won’t contend that the men who walked daily by the savior’s side and were personally chosen by Him to carry His message weren’t saved until they were baptized with the Holy Spirit on Pentecost. The baptism of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles served as a sign that their message was from God – it was not a seal of salvation. The baptism of the Holy Spirit upon Cornelius and his household served as a sign that the Gentiles were to be accepted – not as a seal of their salvation. Just as the Spirit of God could speak through the mouth of a donkey as a sign to Balaam (Numbers 22: 28), the Spirit of God could give unsaved Gentiles the gift of tongues. Look at Acts 11:

17“Therefore if God gave to them the same gift as He gave to us also after believing in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could stand in God’s way?”

18When they heard this, they quieted down and glorified God, saying, “Well then, God has granted to the Gentiles also the repentance that leads to life.”

The baptism of the Holy Spirit was a sign that quieted the Jews grumblings against Peter for going to the Gentiles. They saw clearly that their new brethren were not those of the same physical bloodlines, but those bought with the blood of Christ.

There is a difference between the baptism of the Holy Spirit (which is only recorded as occurring with the apostles and the house of Cornelius) and the gift of the Holy Spirit which is promised to all obedient believers (Acts 2:38). The baptism of the Holy Spirit only served as a sign to unbelievers, not as an indicator of salvation. The gift of the Holy Spirit is a seal that marks our salvation (2 Corinthians 1:22, Ephesians 1:13, Ephesians 4:30).

How did Cornelius and his household receive the gift of the Holy Spirit? Peter commanded that they be baptized with water (Acts 10:47-48), just as he had commanded the Jews on Pentecost (Acts 2:38). If the Gentiles were saved in a different manner than the Jews then there are two plans of salvation for people of different heritages. We know this is not true as Peter proclaimed to Cornelius that God is not one to show partiality (Acts 10:34), or as some translations say, God is “no respecter of persons”.

I hope that this study helps those who might be confused about the conversion of Cornelius. For those who believe that he was saved prior to his baptism in water, there are serious questions to be answered:

  • Can we be saved without first hearing the gospel? If you contend that Cornelius was saved when the Holy Spirit fell upon him, you must believe that he was saved without hearing of Jesus.
  • Were the apostles saved prior to being baptized in the Holy Spirit in Acts 2? If they were, then you must acknowledge that the miraculous gifts that accompanied that baptism served as a sign to unbelievers, not of their salvation. If you say they weren’t saved until Acts 2, then you have Jesus entrusting the keys to the kingdom to the unsaved.
  • Are there two plans of salvation? If the Jews in Acts 2 were given a different plan of salvation than the Gentiles of Acts 10, then God truly is a “respecter of persons”, not to mention an author of confusion, which the scriptures plainly state that He is not (1 Corinthians 14:33).